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Hwang, Shin, Lee, Hwang, Kim, and Lee: Comparison of salty taste assessment, high-salt dietary attitude and high-salt dietary behavior by stage of behavior change among students in Daegu
Research Article

Journal of Nutrition and Health 2016; 49(1): 36-42.

Published online: 29 February 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2016.49.1.36

Comparison of salty taste assessment, high-salt dietary attitude and high-salt dietary behavior by stage of behavior change among students in Daegu

Hye-Hyun Hwang1, Eun-Kyung Shin1, Hye-Jin Lee2, Tae-Yoon Hwang3, Young Ae Kim4, Yeon-Kyung Lee1

1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.

2Korea Hypertension Diabetes Daegu Initiative Project, Education Center, Daegu 41948, Korea.

3Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea.

4Public Health & Welfare Bureau, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu 41911, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. tel: +82-53-950-6234, yklee@knu.ac.kr

Received 2 February 2016       Revised 18 February 2016       Accepted 19 February 2016

© 2016 The Korean Nutrition Society

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was conducted for comparison of salty taste assessment, salty taste preference, high-salt dietary attitude, and high-salt dietary behavior by stages of behavior change among school-aged children and adolescents.

Methods

A total of 1,595 students (1,126 school- aged children, 469 adolescents) from 43 elementary schools and 17 middle and high schools in Daegu were tested using salty taste kits and surveyed using questionnaires on stages of behavior change, high-salt dietary attitude, and behavior.

Results

Adolescents showed a significantly higher result for salty taste assessment than school-aged children (p < 0.01). In salty taste assessment, the students of pre-contemplation stage (n = 498) and contemplation stage (n = 686) showed higher scores than students of action stage (n = 351) and maintenance stage (n = 60). Regarding the salty taste preference, students of maintenance stage preferred the lower two samples (0.08%, 0.16%) and students of pre-contemplation stage preferred the higher two samples (0.63%, 1.25%). High-salt dietary attitude scores and dietary behavior scores were highest for students of pre-contemplation stage and were lowest for students of maintenance stage.

Conclusion

Salty taste assessment, high-salt dietary attitude, and high-salt dietary behavior were significantly different by stages of behavior change among school-aged children and adolescents. This study suggests the need for examination of the stages of behavior change before nutrition education for effective education.

Keywords: salty taste assessment, high-salt dietary attitude, high-salt dietary behavior, stage of behavior change

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Classification on stage of behavior change of the subjects N (%)

jnh-49-36-i001

***p < 0.001

Table 2

Comparison of salty taste assessment, high-salt dietary attitude, and high-salt dietary behavior among students

jnh-49-36-i002

Mean ± SD

abc: Values with the different superscript are significantly different among 4 groups by Duncan's multiple range test at p < 0.001.

1) 1: unsalty, 2: slightly unsalty, 3: neither unsalty nor salty, 4: slightly salty, 5: salty 2) Total score is 50.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

Table 3

Comparison of salty taste assessment, high-salt dietary attitude, and high-salt dietary behavior by stage of behavior change

jnh-49-36-i003

Mean ± SD

abc: Values with the different superscript are significantly different among 4 groups by Duncan's multiple range test at p < 0.001.

1) 1: unsalty, 2: slightly unsalty, 3: neither unsalty nor salty, 4: slightly salty, 5: salty 2) Total score is 50.

***p < 0.001

Table 4

Comparison of the perception on salt concentration by stage of behavior change

jnh-49-36-i004

Mean ± SD

abc: Values with the different superscript are significantly different among 4 groups by Duncan's multiple range test at p < 0.001.

1) 1: unsalty, 2: slightly unsalty, 3: neither unsalty nor salty, 4: slightly salty, 5: salty

**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

Table 5

Comparison of the preference for salty taste by stage of behavior change

jnh-49-36-i005

Mean ± SD

abc: Values with the different superscript are significantly different among 4 groups by Duncan's multiple range test at p < 0.001.

1) 1: dislike, 2: slightly dislike, 3: neither dislike nor like, 4: slightly like, 5: like

***p < 0.001

Table 6

Comparison of salty taste assessment, high-salt dietary attitude, and high-salt dietary behavior by self awareness on salty taste and the preference for salty food

jnh-49-36-i006

Mean ± SD

abc: Values with the different superscript are significantly different among 5 groups by Duncan's multiple range test at p < 0.001.

1) 1: unsalty, 2: slightly unsalty, 3: neither unsalty nor salty, 4: slightly salty, 5: salty

***p < 0.001

Notes

This research was supported by a grant from Deagu Metropolitan City, 2011 and Kyungpook National Research Fund, 2012.

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