The association of snack consumption, lifestyle factors, and pediatric obesity with dietary behavior patterns in male adolescents

Min-Ji Kim; SuJin Song; So Hyun Park; YoonJu Song

doi:10.4163/jnh.2015.48.3.228

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Kim, Song, Park, and Song: The association of snack consumption, lifestyle factors, and pediatric obesity with dietary behavior patterns in male adolescents

Research Article

Journal of Nutrition and Health 2015; 48(3): 228-235.

Published online: 30 June 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.3.228

The association of snack consumption, lifestyle factors, and pediatric obesity with dietary behavior patterns in male adolescents

Min-Ji Kim¹, SuJin Song², So Hyun Park³, YoonJu Song¹

¹Major of Food and Nutrition, School of Human Ecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi 420-743, Korea.

²Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA.

³Health Center, Osan High School, Seoul 140-823, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. tel: +82-2-2164-4681, yjsong@catholic.ac.kr

Received 23 April 2015 Revised 12 May 2015 Accepted 18 May 2015

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

Along with the adaptation of a Western dietary pattern and low physical activity, pediatric obesity is increasing in Korea, especially for boys. The aim of this study was to identify dietary behavior patterns and examine the snack consumption, dietary habit, and pediatric obesity by pattern groups.

Methods

Boys aged 15~19 years were recruited from one high school in Seoul. A questionnaire including dietary behaviors and lifestyle factors was administered and height and weight were measured. A total of 932 boys participated except boys who had missing or incomplete response (n = 30). Three dietary behavior patterns were identified by cluster analysis; 'Healthy pattern', 'Mixed pattern' and 'Unhealthy pattern'.

Results

Snack consumption differed according to dietary behavior patterns group. The healthy and mixed patterns showed higher frequencies of white milk and fruit consumption while the unhealthy pattern as well as the mixed patterns showed higher frequencies of sweetened snack and ice cream consumption. Food availability at home of each food differed according to pattern groups but showed a similar trend with food consumption. Regarding dietary habits, the mixed pattern showed higher proportion of taking dietary supplement and eating dessert while the unhealthy pattern showed lower proportion of eating regular meals and appropriate amount of meals. When the healthy pattern was set as a reference group, the odds ratio of pediatric obesity was 1.11 (CI 0.65-1.87) in the mixed pattern group and 1.88 (CI 1.14-3.10) in the unhealthy pattern group.

Conclusion

In conclusion, dietary behaviors including snack consumption and lifestyle factors were connected. Unbalanced diet and undesirable dietary practice are important determinants in pediatric obesity.

Keywords: adolescents, dietary behavior pattern, snack consumption, lifestyle, obesity

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

The odds ratio (95% CI) for pediatric overweight and obesity by dietary behavior patterns.

Table 1

Three dietary behavior patterns based on 18 items of dietary guidelines for Korean adolescents by cluster analysis

1) A group of individuals were characterized by high compliance with almost components of the dietary guidelines. 2) A group of individuals were characterized by high compliance with some components but low compliance with the others of the dietary guidelines. 3) A group of individuals were characterized by low compliance with almost components of the dietary guidelines. 4) The number and percentage of subjects who answered 'Yes' on each item.

Table 2

The snack consumption by dietary behavior patterns

1) p-value from chi-square test

Table 3

The food availability, dietary habit, and lifestyle by dietary behavior patterns

1) p-value from chi-square test

Notes

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (grant number NRF-2013R1A1A310359).

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