Effects of a Low Calcium Diet and Oxalate Intake on Calcium Deposits in Soft Tissues and Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats

Mi-Rin Lee; Mi-Na Park; Ji-Young Mun; Yeon-Sook Lee

doi:10.4163/kjn.2011.44.2.101

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Lee, Park, Mun, and Lee: Effects of a Low Calcium Diet and Oxalate Intake on Calcium Deposits in Soft Tissues and Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats

Research Article

Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2011; 44(2): 101-111.

Published online: 30 April 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2011.44.2.101

Effects of a Low Calcium Diet and Oxalate Intake on Calcium Deposits in Soft Tissues and Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats

Mi-Rin Lee, Mi-Na Park, Ji-Young Mun, Yeon-Sook Lee

Department of Food and Nutrition/Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (lysook@snu.ac.kr)

Received 4 January 2011 Revised 5 April 2011 Accepted 6 April 2011

Abstract

It is controversial whether low calcium intake, commonly associated with osteoporosis, results in calcium accumulation in soft tissues. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of low calcium (Ca) and oxalate (ox) intake on soft-tissue Ca deposits and bone metabolism in ovariectomized (ovx) rats. Eight week old female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and divided into four groups. The rats were fed experimental diets containing low (0.1%, w/w) or normal (0.5%, w/w) Ca with or without sodium oxalate (1%, w/w); Sham/NCa, Ovx/NCa, Ovx/LCa, Ovx/NCa-ox, Ovx/LCa-ox for 6 weeks. All ovx rats showed a remarkable increase in body and tissue weight, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, and decreases in weight, ash, and Ca contents, as well as bone breaking force compared to those in sham rats. Serum Ca concentration was not significantly affected by dietary Ca levels or ox intake. Kidney Ca, ox acid content, and microscopic Ca deposition increased remarkably in the Ovx/LCa-ox group compared to those in the other groups. Ca content in the spleen and aorta also increased significantly, but the weight contents, Ca, bone breaking force, and Ca and oxalic acid in feces decreased significantly in the Ovx/LCa-ox group. Serum parathyroid hormone levels were not significantly different among the groups. These results indicate that low Ca intake decreased bone mineral content and increased Ca deposits in soft tissues, which was aggravated by ox intake in ovx rats. Thus, high ox intake may result in a kidney disorder in patients with osteoporosis who eat a low Ca diet.

Keywords: soft tissue Ca deposit, Low Ca intake, oxalate intake, ovariectomy, calcification

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Microscopic finding of calcium deposition in kidney of sham and ovariectomized rats fed experimental diets for 6 weeks H & E, ×200 [A: None (control), B: Mild Ca deposits, C: Moderate Ca deposits, D: Severe Ca deposits], arrow represent mineralization in kidney tissue.

Table 1

Composition of the experimental diets

1) AIN-93 vitamin mixture, 2) AIN-93M mineral mixture (Ca free): Cornstarch was substituted for Ca in mineral mixture, 3)1% sodium oxalate (w/w diet): KAN S0800, Japan

Table 2

Body weight, weight gain and food intake of the rats fed experimental diets

1) Values are mean ± SE of 7 rats per group, 2) NS: not significantly different among groups, 3) Values with the different letters in the same column are significantly different at (p < 0.05) by Duncan's multiple range test

Table 3

Mineral concentrations, biochemical index and hormone in serum of the rats fed experimental diets

Sham/NCa: Sham operation and normal Ca diet (0.5%), Ovx/NCa: ovariectomy operation and normal Ca diet (0.5%), Ovx/NCa-ox: ovariectomy operation and normal Ca (0.5%) with sodium oxalate (1%) diet, Ovx/LCa: ovariectomy operation and low Ca diet (0.1%), Ovx/LCa-ox: ovariectomy operation and low Ca (0.1%) with sodium oxalate (1%) diet, GOT: glutamate oxalacetate transferase, GPT: glutamate pyruvate transferase, BUN: blood urea nitrogen, Cre: creatinine, UA: uric acid, ALP: alkaline phosphatase, PTH: parathyroid hormone

Table 4

Weight, breaking force, ash and Ca contents in bone of the rats fed experimental diets

1) Values are mean ± SE of 7 rats per group, 2) Values with the different letters in the same column are significantly different at (p < 0.05) by Duncan's multiple range test

^*: Average values of femurs

^†: Lumbar No.2-5

Table 5

Weight and Ca contents of liver, spleen and aorta in rats fed experimental diets

Table 6

Weight, Ca and total oxalic acid contents of kidney in rats fed experimental diets

1) Values are mean ± SE of 7 rats per group, 2) Values with the different letters in the same column are significantly different at (p< 0.05) by Duncan's multiple range test

^*: Average wet weight of kidneys

^†: Left kidney

Table 7

Mineralization in kidney¹⁾ of ovariectomized rats fed experimental diets

1) Right kidney

Sham/NCa: Sham operation and normal Ca diet (0.5%), Ovx/NCa: ovariectomy operation and normal Ca diet (0.5%), Ovx/NCa-ox: ovariectomy operation and normal Ca (0.5%) with sodium oxalate (1%) diet, Ovx/LCa: ovariectomy operation and low Ca diet (0.1%), Ovx/LCa-ox: ovariectomy operation and low Ca (0.1%) with sodium oxalate (1%) diet, Mineralization grade (count): None(0), Mild (2-5), Moderate (6-8), Severe (11-31)

Table 8

Calcium and total oxalic acid excretions in feces of the rats fed experimental diets

1) Values are mean ± SE of 7 rats per group, 2) Values with the different letters in the same column are significantly different at (p< 0.05) by Duncan's multiple range test

Table 9

The relationships among several variables

Femur wt, Kidney wt (g/100 g B.W.), Kidney Ca (µg/g wet wt), Aorta Ca (µg/g wet wt), ALP (IU/L)

^*: p< 0.05, ^**: p< 0.01 by Pearson's correlation coefficient

ALP: alkaline phosphatase

Notes

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Educa-tion, Science and Technology in 2010 (NRF-2010-0010246).

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