Paradoxical intracranial tuberculoma is tuberculoma that developed or was enlarged during antituberculous therapy. The course of the disease or effective treatment are not well known.

Patients who developed intracranial tuberculoma or an enlarged tuberculoma during antituberculous therapy were investigated. Ten patients were enrolled.

Paradoxical intracranial tuberculoma was detected 67.9 days after antituberculous therapy. The symptoms worsened over a period of 102.3 days. Improvement was noted after 165.4 days. Four patients recovered on the brain image and 4 recovered clinically. The CSF findings showed that the paradoxical tuberculomas had developed or were aggravated, the CSF findings was aggravated.

Paradoxical intracranial tuberculoma can develop without specific symptoms. Paradoxical intracranial tuberculoma may not be a paradoxical response and may be a natural course of intracranial tuberculosis or a natural response to antituberculous therapy.