Journal List > J Korean Acad Nurs > v.46(4) > 1003179

Koo and Hwang: Comparison of Effects of Exhalation and Inhalation Breathing Exercises on Pulmonary Function and Complications in Elderly Patients with Upper-abdominal Surgery

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of exhalation breathing exercises using expirometer and that of inhalation breathing exercises using incentive spirometry on pulmonary function and complications in elderly patients with upper-abdominal surgery.

Methods

The research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. Participants were 63 patients who underwent upper-abdominal surgery under general anesthesia (32 in experiment group, 31 in control group). They were recruited at P university hospital from August 1 to November 30, 2015. Effects were evaluated by measuring pulmonary functions (Forced Vital Capacity [FVC], Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second [FEV1]) and pulmonary complications. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 program.

Results

There was no difference in FVC between the experimental group and the control group, but FEV1 in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group by time change (p=.001). Also, there were no pulmonary complications in the experimental group but there were 5 cases (16.1%)(p=.018) in the control group.

Conclusion

Findings indicate that exhalation breathing exercises by elderly patients following upper-abdominal surgery is an effective nursing intervention in enhancing pulmonary function and preventing pulmonary complications.

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Research design.

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Table 1

Homogeneity Test for Characteristics between Experimental and Control Group (N=63)

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*Fisher's exact test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; GI=Gastrointestinal; ICU=Intensive care unit; PCA=Patient controlled analgesia; ARISCAT score=Preoperative pulmonary risk index, Low risk (0~25), intermediate risk (26~44), high risk (45~123); BMI=Body mass index; HB=Hemoglobin ;FVC=Forced vital capacity; FEV1=Forced expiratory volume in 1 second.

Table 2

Change of Pulmonary Functions by Time between Experimental and Control Group (N=63)

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Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; FVC=Forced vital capacity; FEV1=Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; POD=Post operative day.

Table 3

Comparison of Pulmonary Complications between Experimental and Control Group (N=63)

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*Fisher's exact test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Notes

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declared no conflict of interest

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