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Bae and Jeong: Pain Perception of Nurses and Pain Expression of Patients in Critical Care Units
Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2014; 44(4): 437-445.

Published online: 29 August 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.4.437

Pain Perception of Nurses and Pain Expression of Patients in Critical Care Units

Kyung Hee Bae1, Ihn Sook Jeong2

1Department of Nursing, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.

2College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Jeong, Ihn Sook. College of Nursing, Pusan National University, 49 BusanDaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 626-870, Korea. Tel: +82-51-510-8342, Fax: +82-51-510-8308, jeongis@pusan.ac.kr

Received 12 May 2014       Revised 23 May 2014       Accepted 29 July 2014

© 2014 Korean Society of Nursing Science

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was done to identify pain perception (P-PER) by nurses and pain expression (P-EXP) by patients in critical care units (ICUs) and degree of agreement between nurses' P-PER and patients' P-EXP.

Methods

Nurses' P-PER was measured with a self-administered questionnaire completed by 99 nurses working in ICUs during May, 2013. Patients' P-EXP was measured with the Critical Care Non-Verbal Pain Scale through observations of 31 ICU patients during nine nursing procedures (NPs) performed between May and July, 2013.

Results

Nurses' P-PER was from 4.49 points for nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion to 0.83 for blood pressure (BP) measurement based on a 9-point scale, Patients' P-EXP was 4.48 points for NGT to 0.18 for BP measurement based on a 10-point scale. Eight NPs except oral care showed higher scores for nurses' P-PER than for patients' P-EXP. Position change (p=.019), subcutaneous injection (p<.001), blood sugar test (p<.001), and BP measurement (p<.001) showed significant differences between nurses' P-PER and patients' P-EXP.

Conclusion

Nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion was scored highest by both nurses and patients. Eight NPs except 'oral care' showed nurses' P-PER was higher or similar to patients' P-EXP, which indicates that nurses may overestimate procedural pain experienced by patients.

Keywords: Pain, Perception, Facial expression, Intensive care units

Figures and Tables

Figure 1
Comparison of pain perception of nurses and pain expression of patients for nursing procedures.
jkan-44-437-g001
Table 1
General Characteristics of Study Participants: Patients
jkan-44-437-i001
Table 2
Pain Perception of Intensive Care Units' Nurses for Nursing Procedures (N=99)
jkan-44-437-i002
Table 3
Pain Perception of Intensive Care Units' Nurses by General Characteristics (N=99)
jkan-44-437-i003

IV=Intravenous; BP=Blood pressure.

Table 4
Pain Expression of Intensive Care Unit Patients for Nursing Procedures (N=30)
jkan-44-437-i004

*Pain at baseline (d) is the mean of pain before procedure and pain 20 min after procedure; IV=Intravenous; BP=Blood pressure.

Notes

This manuscript is a revision of the first author's master's thesis from Pusan National University.

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