Journal List > J Korean Acad Nurs > v.44(2) > 1002982

Lee and Lee: Development and Validity of Workplace Bullying in Nursing-Type Inventory (WPBN-TI)

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to assess bullying of nurses, and test the validity and reliability of the instrument.

Methods

The initial thirty items of WPBN-TI were identified through a review of the literature on types bullying related to nursing and in-depth interviews with 14 nurses who experienced bullying at work. Sixteen items were developed through 2 content validity tests by 9 experts and 10 nurses. The final WPBN-TI instrument was evaluated by 458 nurses from five general hospitals in the Incheon metropolitan area. SPSS 18.0 program was used to assess the instrument based on internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity.

Results

WPBN-TI consisted of 16 items with three distinct factors (verbal and nonverbal bullying, work-related bullying, and external threats), which explained 60.3% of the total variance. The convergent validity and determinant validity for WPBN-TI were 100.0%, 89.7%, respectively. Known-groups validity of WPBN-TI was proven through the mean difference between subjective perception of bullying. The satisfied criterion validity for WPBN-TI was more than .70. The reliability of WPBN-TI was Cronbach's α of .91.

Conclusions

WPBN-TI with high validity and reliability is suitable to determine types of bullying in nursing workplace.

Figures and Tables

Figure 1
Framework for theoretical phase of types of workplace bullying.
jkan-44-209-g001
Table 1
Demographic Characteristics of Participants (N=458)
jkan-44-209-i001

ICU=Intensive care unit; ER=Emergency room; OR=Operating room; OPD=Outpatient department.

Table 2
Rotated Factor Pattern Matrix and Communality of WPBN-TI
jkan-44-209-i002

WPBN-TI=Workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory.

Table 3
Multitrait/Multi-item Matrix of WPBN-TI (Correlation Matrix Corrected for Overlap)
jkan-44-209-i003

WPBN-TI=Workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory.

Table 4
Difference between Subjective Workplace Bullying Victimization and WPBN-TI
jkan-44-209-i004

WPBN-TI=Workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory; SWPBV=Subjective workplace bullying victimization.

Table 5
Correlations between the WPBN-TI and NAQ-R
jkan-44-209-i005

WPBN-TI=Workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory; NAQ-R=Negative acts questionnaire-revised.

Notes

This manuscript is a based on a part of the first author's doctoral dissertation from Inha University.

This work was supported by INHA University Research Grant.

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