Abstract
Purpose
This study was done to examine the effects of aroma self-foot reflexology massage on stress and immune responses and fatigue in middle-aged women in rural areas.
Methods
The study was a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. The participants were 52 middle-aged women from rural areas of which 26 were assigned to the experimental group and 26 to the control group. Data were collected from July to September, 2011 and analyzed using SPSS Win 17.0 version program. The intervention was conducted 3 times a week for six weeks.
Figures and Tables
References
1. Bruunsgaard H, Pedersen BK. Effects of exercise on the immune system in the elderly population. Immunol Cell Biol. 2000. 78:523–531.
2. Buckley J. Massage and aromatherapy massage: Nursing art and science. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2002. 8:276–280.
3. Byeon YS, Lee JI. Reliability and validity tests for the Fatigue Assessment Instrument (FAI). J Korean Acad Fundam Nurs. 2004. 11:220–225.
4. Cha JH, Lee SH, Yoo YS. Effects of aromatherapy on changes in the autonomic nervous system, aortic pulse wave velocity and aortic augmentation index in patients with essential hypertension. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2010. 40:705–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.5.705.
5. Cho HK. The change of agricultural labor participation and decision-making involvement of rural women in Korea -from 1960s to 1990s. J Korean Home Manage Assoc. 2002. 20(1):75–86.
6. Choi IR. Effects of aromatherapy massage on pain, physical function, sleep disturbance and depression in elderly women with osteoarthritis. Korean J Women Health Nurs. 2006. 12:168–176.
7. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983. 24:385–396.
8. Cooksley VG. Aromatherapy: A lifetime guide to healing with the Essential oils. 2001. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Press.
9. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of medical physiology. 2000. 10th ed. Pennsylvania: W. B. Saunders.
10. Ha YS, Jeong GH, Kim SJ. Relationships between perceived stress during the maternal role attainment process and health-promoting lifestyle practice. Nurs Sci. 1990. 2:23–47.
11. Han MA, Kim KS, Park J, Ryu SY, Kang MG. Psychosocial stress levels and related factors in some rural residents. J Agric Med Community Health. 2008. 33:46–58.
12. Janeway CA, Travers P, Walport M, Shlomchik MJ. Immunobiology. 2001. 5th ed. New York: Garland Science.
13. Jang SH, Kim KH. Effects of self-foot reflexology on stress, fatigue and blood circulation in premenopausal middle-aged women. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2009. 39:662–672. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.5.662.
14. Jung YJ. Effects of aromatherapy on blood pressure, heart rate variability, and serum catecholamines in the pre-hypertension middle aged women. 2007. Seoul: The Catholic University of Korea;Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
15. Korea National Statistical Office. Population projections for Korea. 2006. Retrieved November, 21, 2006. http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/2/2/6/index.board?bmode=read&bSeq=&aSeq=64678&pageNo=2&rowNum=10&navCount=10&currPg=&sTarget=title&sTxt=.
16. Korea National Statistical Office. Agriculture and fishery corporation survey. 2010. Retrieved March, 29, 2011. http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/2/7/2/index.board?bmode=read&bSeq=&aSeq=246248&pageNo=1&rowNum=10&navCount=10&currPg=&sTarget=title&sTxt=.
17. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. 1984. New York: Springer Publishing. Co.
18. Lee SH, Kim YR. Effects of foot massage therapy with essential oil application to stress and attention index brain wave. J Korean Soc Beauty Art. 2011. 12(3):119–129.
19. Lee YM. Effect of self-foot reflexology massage on depression, stress reponses and immune functions of middle aged women. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2006. 36:179–189.
20. Lee YM. Effects of self-foot reflexology on stress, fatigue, skin temperature and immune response in female undergraduate students. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2011. 41:110–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.1.110.
21. Lim GS, Kim CN. A cross-sectional study on fatigue and self-reported physical symptoms of vinylhouse farmers. Korean J Rural Med. 2003. 28:15–29.
22. Mackey BT. Massage therapy and reflexology awareness. Nurs Clin North Am. 2001. 36:159–170.
23. Marcotte H, Lavoie MC. Oral microbial ecology and the role of salivary immunoglobulin A. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998. 62:71–109.
24. Matthews DA, Manu P, Lane TJ. Evaluation and management of patients with chronic fatigue. Am J Med Sci. 1991. 302:269–277.
25. Oh SJ. Self-massage on hands and feet. 1997. Seoul: Sam Sa Dang.
26. Oleson T, Flocco W. Randomized controlled study of premenstrual symptoms treated with ear, hand, and foot reflexology. Obstet Gynecol. 1993. 82:906–911.
27. Schwartz JE, Jandorf L, Krupp LB. The measurement of fatigue: A new instrument. J Psychosom Res. 1993. 37:753–762.
28. Sung MH. Self-reported climacteric symptoms, self concept and depression in middle-aged women. J Korean Acad Adult Nurs. 2002. 14:102–113.
29. Yang HJ, Kang HY, Kim IS. The effects of aroma foot reflex massage on sleep, depression and problem behaviors on elderly with dementia. Korean J Adult Nurs. 2011. 23:574–583.
30. Yang JH. A study on health behavior experience of middle-aged women in rural area. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2002. 32:694–705.