Immunization Policy in Korea

Jong Koo Lee; Won Suk Choi

doi:10.3947/ic.2008.40.1.14

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Lee and Choi: Immunization Policy in Korea

SPECIAL ARTICLE

Infection and Chemotherapy

Infection and Chemotherapy 2008; 40(1): 14-23.

Published online: 29 February 2008

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2008.40.1.14

Immunization Policy in Korea

Jong Koo Lee, M.D., Ph.D.¹, Won Suk Choi, M.D.²

¹Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Korea.

²Division of Vaccine Preventable Disease Control and National Immunization Program, Center for Disease Prevention Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Korea.

Correspondence: Jong Koo Lee, M.D., Ph.D. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Korea, 194. Tongul Lo, Eunpyung-Go, Seoul, 122-701, Korea. Tel:82-2-380-2600, Fax:82-2-388-4601, docmohw@mohw.go.kr

Accepted 12 February 2008

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Immunization is the most effective and cost-beneficial means to prevent infectious diseases. So it has been regarded as one of the most important public health interventions in many countries and taken seriously in the aspect of national security related to smallpox and avian influenza. A variety of fields including production and distribution of vaccines, quality control of immunization, immunization registry, control of adverse events following immunization, and control of vaccine-preventable diseases should be considered for making and conducting the immunization policy. Korea has a long history of immunization since smallpox vaccination had been introduced in 1882, and many immunization strategies, including measles elimination program, have been carried out successfully. But there are still some problems to be solved for improving public health through immunization. KCDC (Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) is making every effort to analyze and solve the problems, especially in the area of evidence-based policy-making, improving immunization coverage by supporting cost for vaccination, promoting public trust in immunization, laying the foundation for vaccine production, and eliminating vaccine-preventable diseases through immunization.

Keywords: Immunization, Vaccine, Policy

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Standard immunization schedule in Korea

Fig. 2

Structure of vaccine safety management in Korea.

Abbreviation:AEFI, adverse events after immunization.

Table 1

Korean History of Immunization^*

Abbreviations:NIP, national immunization program; SIA, supplementary immunization activity

^*Data source: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Monthly Newsletter for National Immunization Program, 5(7):117-118, 2007

Table 2

Immunization Coverage in Korea (2006)^*

Abbreviations:Hep B, hepatitis B JE, Japanese encephalitis

^*Data source:Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Monthly Newsletter for National Immunization Program, 5(7):26, 2007

^†Private medical centers are assumed to report only 60% of actual immunization number based on previous research. So values from private medical centers were divided by 0.6 for correction

^‡MMR coverage rate in this table is different from the result of the school-entry requirement for 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV2)

Table 3

Reported Number of Adverse Events Following Immunization in Korea^*

Abbreviations:Hep B, hepatitis B; DTaP-O, DTaP with other vaccines; Var, varicella; JE, Japanese encephalitis JE-O, Japanese encephalitis vaccine with other vaccines HFRS, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; Flu, influenza; Typ, typhoid fever

^*Data source: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Guideline for Management of Adverse Events Following Immunization, 2007

^†Catch-up campaign with MR vaccine was performed as a part of '5-Year Measles Elimination Program' in 2001

^‡Report of adverse events after BCG vaccination was managed dualistically before 2005 and integrated from 2005

Table 4

Classification of Vaccines According to the Origin^*

Abbreviations: IPV, inactivated polio vaccine; Hib, Haemophilus influenzaetype b, Hep A, hepatitis A Hep B, hepatitis B; JE, Japanese encephalitis; HPV, human papillomavirus; HFRS, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

^*Data source: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Monthly Newsletter for National Immunization Program, 5(7):117-118, 2007

Table 5

Decreased Incidence of Vaccine Preventable Diseases in Korea^*

^*Data source: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Monthly Newsletter for National Immunization Program, 5(7):111, 2007

^†A measles epidemic occurred between January 2000 and July 2001

^‡Rubella was reported from 2000 by the revised raw

References

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