Recent Advances in the Use of Anthelmintics for Treating Nematode Infections

Jong-Yil Chai

doi:10.3947/ic.2011.43.1.26

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Chai: Recent Advances in the Use of Anthelmintics for Treating Nematode Infections

Review Article

Infection & Chemotherapy

Infection & Chemotherapy 2011; 43(1): 26-35.

Published online: 28 February 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2011.43.1.26

Recent Advances in the Use of Anthelmintics for Treating Nematode Infections

Jong-Yil Chai

Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Correspondence to Jong-Yil Chai, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea. Tel: +82-2-740-8342, Fax: +82-2-765-6142, cjy@snu.ac.kr

Received 4 January 2011 Accepted 4 January 2011

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The recent trends of parasitic infections in Korea include remarkable decreases of soil-transmitted nematode infections and elimination of lymphatic filariasis. In comparison, enterobiasis (pinworm infection) continues to be prevalent among children and the cases of zoonotic tissue-invading nematode infection are slightly increasing or they are being increasingly diagnosed. In addition, imported parasitoses continue to be problems from the clinical and public health points of view. In this review, the advances in the management and anthelmintic treatment of these nematode infections are briefly reviewed. Albendazole, mebendazole, thiabendazole, flubendazole, pyrantel pamoate, pyrvinium pamoate, oxantel pamoate, levamisole, ivermectin, and diethylcarbamazine are the examples of anti-nematode anthelmintics that are currently being used. Although several of these drugs are known to be broad-spectrum anthelmintics, selection of each drug should be done specifically for each nematode infection, and with consideration of the specific conditions of each patient and the purposes, for example, when performing individual or mass treatment. It is hoped that the chemotherapy regimens reviewed here will help physicians to treat their patients infected with nematode parasites.

Keywords: Anthelmintics, Nematode, Albendazole, Mebendazole, Ivermectin, Diethycarbamazine

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Anthelmintics Used to Treat Soil-transmitted Helminth and Pinworm Infections

^aChai and Hong, 1982 [10].

^bKeiser and Utzinger, 2008 [11].

^cAdams et al., 2004 [12].

^dIgual-Adell et al., 2004 [13].

^eMin et al., 1986 [15].

^fChai et al., 1986 [16].

Table 2

Anthelmintics Used to Treat Zoonotic Tissue-invading Nematode Infections

Table 3

Anthelmintics Used to Treat Lymphatic Filariasis, Onchocerciasis, and Other Zoonotic Filarial Infections

^aIn addition to these drugs, doxycycline (200 mg/day for 21 days) should be given to kill Wolbachia bacterial endosymbionts [51]. For onchocerciasis, doxycycline (100-200 mg/kg for 42 days) can sterilize the female worms and lead to the absence of skin microfilariae [51].

^bMass treatment.

^cIndividual treatment.

^dNeurological adverse reactions may occur with this regimen.

^eTo kill adult worms.

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