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Abstract
Purpose
To report the correlation among the amount of myopic correction, axial length elongation, and higher order aberrations after treatment with orthokeratology lenses in myopic patients.
Methods
Eighteen patients (36 eyes) treated with orthokeratology lenses for more than 12 months were recruited for this study. Visual acuity, spherical equivalent, axial length, and higher order aberrations were measured at baseline and 1, 6, and 12 months after wearing lenses. Correlations among them were analyzed.
Results
Total higher order, spherical, vertical and horizontal coma aberrations were significantly increased from 0.85 ± 1.47, −0.22 ± 0.40, 0.40 ± 0.47, 0.22 ± 0.31 to 1.11 ± 0.72, 0.10 ± 0.38, 0.79 ± 0.63, 0.66 ± 1.29 after 1 month repectively (p < 0.05), but root mean square (RMS) total and trefoil aberrations were not (p > 0.05), remaining up to 12 months. Total and corneal spherical aberrations were positively correlated to the amount of myopic correction (p = 0.001 and p = 0.028, repectively) and negatively to the amount of axial length elongation (p = 0.036 and p = 0.079, repectively). Uncorrected visual acuity and spherical equivalent were significantly improved from 0.52 ± 0.08 and −2.41 ± 0.36 to 0.07 ± 0.07 and −0.84 ± 0.32 after 1 month respectively. This improvement was maintained up to 12 months (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively). Axial length was con-tinuously increased from 24.31 ± 0.53 mm to 24.91 ± 0.60 mm after 12 months, but showed no significant changes (p = 0.721).
Conclusions: Although orthokeratology lenses were effective for the correction of myopia, they increased higher order aberrations depending on the amount of myopic correction. Physicians should consider higher order aberrations. Further studies regarding the relationship between axial length elongation and higher order aberrations to retard myopic progression should be conducted.
References
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Figure 1.
Correlation analysis between spherical aberration and spherical equivalent. Scatterplots demonstrating changes in total (A) and corneal (B) spherical aberration and spherical equivalent for 1 year (Spearman correlation coefficient; r = 0.540, p = 0.001 and r = 0.437, p = 0.028, respectively).
Figure 2.
Correlation analysis between spherical aberration and axial length. Scatterplots demonstrating changes in total (A) and corneal (B) spherical aberration and axial length for 1 year (Spearman correlation coefficient; r = −0.449, p = 0.036 and r = −0.398, p = 0.079, respectively).
Figure 3.
Changes of uncorrected visual acuity before & after wearing orthokeratology lenses. * p < 0.05, compared with baseline.
Figure 4.
Changes of spherical equivalent before & after wearing orthokeratology lenses. * p < 0.05, compared with baseline.
Table 1.
Demographics of patients
Table 2.
Changes of total aberrations (μ m) for 12 months
| Aberration | Pretreatment | 1 month | 6 months | 12 months | Pretreatment vs. 1 month | 1 month-1 year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RMS total | 4.16 ± 1.97 | 3.74 ± 1.91 | 3.95 ± 1.78 | 4.16 ± 1.32 | p = 0.480 | p = 0.460 |
| HO A | 0.85 ± 1.47 | 1.11 ± 0.72 | 1.21 ± 0.79 | 0.97 ± 0.58 | p = 0.021* | p = 0.912 |
| Sph A | –0.02 ± 0.40 | 0.10 ± 0.38 | 0.31 ± 0.30 | 0.40 ± 0.38 | p = 0.001* | p = 0.347 |
| Coma7 A | 0.40 ± 0.47 | 0.79 ± 0.63 | 0.69 ± 0.55 | 0.66 ± 0.49 | p = 0.038* | p = 0.245 |
| Coma8 A | 0.22 ± 0.31 | 0.66 ± 1.29 | 0.73 ± 0.38 | 0.64 ± 0.18 | p = 0.046* | p = 0.829 |
| Trefoil6 A | 0.53 ± 1.41 | 0.64 ± 1.03 | 0.27 ± 0.36 | 0.12 ± 0.14 | p = 0.255 | p = 0.852 |
| Trefoil9 A | 0.59 ± 1.91 | 0.49 ± 0.94 | 0.17 ± 0.21 | 0.15 ± 0.17 | p = 0.426 | p = 0.512 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. p-value based on one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.
Table 3.
Changes of corneal aberrations (μ m) for 12 months
| Aberration | Pretreatment | 1 month | 6 months | 12 months | Pretreatment vs. 1 month | 1 month-1 year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RMS total | 3.22 ± 1.47 | 3.11 ± 1.01 | 2.15 ± 1.11 | 2.85 ± 1.56 | p = 0.752 | p = 0.156 |
| HO A | 0.90 ± 0.52 | 1.29 ± 0.85 | 1.47 ± 1.00 | 1.39 ± 0.75 | p = 0.017* | p = 0.220 |
| Sph A | 0.22 ± 0.19 | 0.45 ± 0.29 | 0.45 ± 0.25 | 0.51 ± 0.29 | p = 0.005* | p = 0.646 |
| Coma7 A | 0.15 ± 0.17 | 0.51 ± 0.64 | 0.54 ± 0.60 | 0.35 ± 0.42 | p = 0.015* | p = 0.449 |
| Coma8 A | 0.12 ± 0.10 | 0.38 ± 0.37 | 0.40 ± 0.53 | 0.31 ± 0.41 | p = 0.001* | p = 0.770 |
| Trefoil6 A | 0.09 ± 0.09 | 0.09 ± 0.08 | 0.13 ± 0.12 | 0.10 ± 0.10 | p = 0.807 | p = 0.981 |
| Trefoil9 A | 0.07 ± 0.09 | 0.09 ± 0.07 | 0.09 ± 0.11 | 0.11 ± 0.13 | p = 0.605 | p = 0.373 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. p-value based on one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.
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