Journal List > J Korean Ophthalmol Soc > v.57(11) > 1010455

Hwang and Lee: Comparison of Sensory and Motor Functions in Patients with Constant and Intermittent Infantile Exotropia

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare sensory and motor functions in patients with constant and intermittent primary infantile exotropia.

Methods

From March 2010 to November 2015, 58 patients with primary infantile exotropia were divided into a constant group (21 patients) and an intermittent group (37 patients) according to frequency of exodeviation at the first visit. Sex, family history of strabismus, age at diagnosis, spherical equivalent, and presence of amblyopia were compared. Angle of deviation, ocular motor function, and stereopsis were measured.

Results

Females were more prevalent (p = 0.027) and the spherical equivalent of the right eye was more myopic (−0.99 D) (p = 0.023) in the constant infantile exotropia group. However, there was no significant difference in family history of strabismus, age at diagnosis, amblyopia, latent nystagmus, or stereopsis between the two groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups in angle of deviation at near or distance (p = 0.598, p = 0.518). Dissociated vertical deviation was accompanied in 2 patients in the constant group and 3 in the intermittent group. Inferior oblique overaction was accompanied in 8 patients in the constant group and 16 in the intermittent group, while vertical deviation was accompanied in 1 patient in the constant group and 3 in the intermittent group. However, there were no significant differences between the groups for any of these findings.

Conclusions

Constancy of exodeviation is insufficient to diagnose primary infantile exotropia. Compared to those in whom exodeviation was intermittent, the patients with constant infantile exotropia showed similar clinical features. Therefore, close observation is recommended in patients with intermittent and constant infantile exotropia.

References

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Table 1.
General characteristics in the patients with constant and intermittent infantile exotropia
  Constant (n = 21) Intermittent (n = 37) p-value
Sex (male/female) 5/16 21/16 0.027*
Family history of strabismus (No, %) 4 (19.0) 2 (5.4) 0.176*
Age at the first visit (months) 22.8 ± 9.2 (8–35) 23.7 ± 8.2 (8–34) 0.706
F/U duration (months) 27.3 ± 17.5 (6–67) 31.5 ± 12.4 (7–61) 0.285

Values are presented as mean ± SD (range) unless otherwise indicated. F/U = follow-up.

* Chi-Square test

Independent t-test.

Table 2.
Comparison of deviation angle and other ocular problems between constant and intermittent infantile exotropia
  Constant (n = 21) Intermittent (n = 37) p-value
Deviation (Prism dioptors)      
 Near 33.2 ± 9.7 (12∼50) 31.6 ± 7.9 (18∼45) 0.513*
 Far 30.3 ± 7.8 (20∼50) 29.2 ± 6.6 (18∼45) 0.598*
Dissociated vertical strabismus (n, %) 2 (9.5) 3 (8.1) 1.000
Oblique muscle overaction (n, %) 8 (38.1) 16 (43.2) 0.786
Comitant vertical strabismus (n, %) 1 (4.8) 3 (8.1) 1.000
Latent nystagmus (n, %) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1.000
Spherical equivalent (diopter)      
 Right eye –0.99 ± 1.86 (−6.00∼+2.50) –0.01 ± 1.32 (−3.38∼+4.75) 0.023*
 Left eye –0.52 ± 2.46 (−6.88∼+6.50) –0.06 ± 1.44 (−5.63∼+4.00) 0.378*
 Average value of both eyes –0.75 ± 2.11 (−3.69∼+1.33) –0.04 ± 1.29 (−6.44∼+4.50) 0.110*
Amblyopia (n, %) 7 (33.3) 4 (10.8) 0.077

Values are presented as mean ± SD (range) unless otherwise indicated.

* Independent t-test

Chi-Square test.

Table 3.
Comparison of stereopsis between constant and intermittent infantile exotropia
  Constant (n = 13) Intermittent (n = 30) p-value
Stereopsis (sec of arc)      
 >100 9 (69.2) 12 (40.0) 0.078*
 >200 6 (46.2) 5 (16.7) 0.061

Values are presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated.

* Independent t-test

Fisher's exact test

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