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Abstract
Purpose
Smartphone overdependence in young adults is a growing issue, that requires a vigorous approach to manage its associated problems in the affected ones. This study was designed to suggest a detailed direction to help university students with smartphone overdependence, who would be internally motivated through satisfying their basic needs based on the self-determination theory (SDT).
Methods
The data were collected via face-to-face interviews with twenty program providers, who have managed the program for preventing and treating the smartphone overdependence. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The data were analyzed using directed qualitative content analysis.
Results
One core category emerged from the findings: ‘Empowering motivation of autonomous actor of change associated with environmental context,’ which three generic categories and seven subcategories supported. Apart from the three basic needs in the SDT, autonomy, relatedness, and competence, no additional concepts were mentioned, but the participants complained about the practical difficulties of running programs with non-motivated students.
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Table 1.
Characteristic of Participants (N=20)
| Participant | Age (year) | Job title | Work experience (year) | Number of addiction program implemented |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant 1 | 38 | Nurse† | 4 | None |
| Participant 2 | 57 | Elementary school nurse | 31 | 10 |
| Participant 3 | 56 | High school nurse | 33 | 50 |
| Participant 4 | 56 | Teen counselor | 7 | ＞100 |
| Participant 5 | 41 | Teen counselor | 7 | ＞100 |
| Participant 6 | 56 | Addiction program director‡ | 7 | ＞100 |
| Participant 7 | 28 | Addiction program coordinator‡ | 4 | 10 |
| Participant 8 | 51 | Youth program director§ | 9 | ＞120 |
| Participant 9 | 46 | Youth program educator§ | 6 | ＞10 |
| Participant 10 | 58 | Youth program educator§ | 7 | ＞2,500 |
| Participant 11 | 39 | Youth program educator§ | 6 | ＞170 |
| Participant 12 | 50 | Youth program coordinator§ | 7 | ＞120 |
| Participant 13 | 45 | Youth program educator§ | 2 | ＞20 |
| Participant 14 | 38 | Teen counselor/social worker | 3 | ＞60 |
| Participant 15 | 49 | Teen counselor | 6 | ＞200 |
| Participant 16 | 40 | Student counselor† | 12 | ＞550 |
| Participant 17 | 33 | Student counselor† | 6 | 7 |
| Participant 18 | 41 | Youth program director | 14 | ＞300 |
| Participant 19 | 44 | Student counselor† | 4 | ＞100 |
| Participant 20 | 39 | Youth program director | 9 | ＞100 |
Table 2.
Key Constructs in a Program for University Students with Smartphone Overdependence
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