Factors Influencing Quality of Caregiving by Caregivers for Elders with Dementia

Chan Mi Kang; Jung Soon Kim; Jeong Hee Jeong

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.3.193

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Kang, Kim, and Jeong: Factors Influencing Quality of Caregiving by Caregivers for Elders with Dementia

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2016; 27(3): 193-201.

Published online: 30 September 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.3.193

Factors Influencing Quality of Caregiving by Caregivers for Elders with Dementia

Chan Mi Kang¹, Jung Soon Kim², Jeong Hee Jeong³

¹Pusan National University School of Medcine, Yangsan, Korea.

²College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.

³Department of Nursing, Daedong College, Busan, Korea.

Corresponding author: Jeong, Jeong Hee. Department of Nursing, Daedong College, 88 Dongbugok-ro, 27beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46270, Korea. Tel: +82-51-510-4850, Fax: +82-51-510-4850, loveu1105@naver.com

Received 28 March 2016 Revised 6 July 2016 Accepted 13 July 2016

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of the study is to determine factors influencing quality of caregiving by caregivers for the elderly with dementia.

Methods

Data were collected from 87 caregivers for elders with dementia who had visited in Busan Metropolitan Center for Dementia and D-University hospital outpatient center from July 10 to September 30, 2015. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the severity of the elders' dementia and knowledge of dementia, burdens and quality of caregiving by the caregivers. The SPSS 21.0 version program was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression.

Results

Significant predictors of quality of caregiving by caregivers included caregivers' burdens (explanation power 25%), knowledge of dementia (explanation power 4%) and levels of education (explanation power 3%). These factors explained 32.3% of the variances in quality of caregiving.

Conclusion

Burdens on caregivers were a major factor that decreased quality of caregiving, and knowledge of dementia was a factor that increased it. These findings show that educational programs and intervention for reducing burdens and improving knowledge of dementia are necessary to improve quality of caregiving by caregivers.

Keywords: Dementia, Caregiver, Knowledge, Pressure, Quality of health care

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Characteristics and Difference in Quality of Caregiving by Characteristics of Elderly with Dementia and Caregivers (N=87)

Variables	Categories	n (%)	M±SD	Range	Quality of caregiving
Variables	Categories	n (%)	M±SD	Range	M±SD	t or F	p
Elderly of dementia
Age (year)	<70	17 (19.5)	75.8±6.70	65~92	25.47±5.27	0.25	.860
	70~79	45 (51.8)			25.96±4.95
	80~89	22 (25.3)			24.82±5.32
	≥90	3 (3.4)			26.00±5.59
Gender	Male	35 (40.2)			25.46±4.88	-0.17	.860
Gender	Female	52 (59.8)			25.65±5.21	-0.17	.860
Duration of dementia (year)	<1	13 (14.9)	2.99±2.31	0.3~12.5	24.08±4.72	0.96	.415
	1~3	43 (49.5)			25.51±5.58
	4~5	19 (21.8)			27.05±4.62
	>5	12 (13.8)			25.08±3.87
Severity of dementia	MBP		46.16±9.80	29~74
Severity of dementia	ADL		10.92±4.34	7~21
Caregiver
Age (year)	<60	41 (47.1)	61.2±1.41	33~91	26.32±4.95	-1.19	.236
Age (year)	≥60	46 (52.9)	61.2±1.41	33~91	25.02±5.11	-1.19	.236
Gender	Male	25 (28.7)			24.24±5.40	-1.57	.118
Gender	Female	62 (71.3)			26.11±4.85	-1.57	.118
Education	<High school graduate	32 (36.8)			22.45±5.40	-3.33	.001
Education	≥High school graduate	56 (63.2)			26.25±4.59	-3.33	.001
Relationship with elderly of dementia	Spouse	41 (47.3)			24.90±5.09	1.06	.381
	Son	11 (12.6)			24.45±5.26
	Daughter	27 (31.0)			26.67±4.28
	Daughter in law	7 (8.0)			26.14±7.08
	Other	1 (1.1)			32.00±0.00
Experience of dementia education	Yes	17 (18.9)			25.07±5.04	-1.91	.059
Experience of dementia education	No	73 (81.1)			27.65±4.72	-1.91	.059
Perceived health status	Exellent	1 (1.1)			36.00±0.00	1.88	.121
	Good	20 (23.0)			26.05±4.92
	Fair	34 (39.2)			26.21±4.92
	Poor	25 (28.7)			24.08±5.03
	Very poor	7 (8.0)			25.00±4.90
Length of caregiving (year)	<1	9 (10.3)	4.25±3.65	0.3~12.5	25.00±3.64	0.68	.561
	1~3	48 (55.3)			25.19±5.63
	4~5	19 (21.8)			27.05±4.61
	>5	11 (12.6)			25.18±4.05
Hours of care per day (hour)			11.18±7.13	2~24
Knowledge of dementia			20.23±3.16	7~26
Burden			51.93±7.28	33~68
Quality of caregiving			25.57±5.06	16~36

MBP=memory and behavior problem; ADL=activities of daily living.

Table 2

Correlation among Characteristics of Elderly with Dementia and Caregivers and Quality of Caregiving (N=87)

Variables		MBP	ADL	Hours of care per day	Knowledge of dementia	Burden	Quality of caregiving
Variables		r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Severity of dementia	MBP^†	1
Severity of dementia	ADL^‡	.29 (.006)	1
Hours of care per day		-.02 (.823)	.11 (.273)	1
Knowledge of dementia		.01 (.897)	-.11 (.303)	-.09 (.383)	1
Burden		.27 (.010)	.15 (.157)	.03 (.749)	.08 (.210)	1
Quality of Caregiving		-.25 (.019)	.07 (.467)	.09 (.391)	.18 (.046)	-.50 (<.001)	1

MBP=memory and behavior problem; ADL=activities of daily living.

Table 3

Impact on Quality of Caregiving in Caregivers

Variables	B	SE	β	R²	Adj. R²	t	p
(Constant)	34.07	4.41				7.71	<.001
Burden	-0.33	0.06	-.47	.25	.25	-5.11	<.001
Knowledge of dementia	0.33	0.14	.20	.31	.29	2.33	.022
Level of education^†	2.34	1.10	.19	.34	.32	2.12	.037
	R²=.34, Adjust R²=.32, F=14.67, p<.001

^†Dummy variable (1: high school graduate or higher, 0: less than high school).

Notes

This article is a revison of the first author's master's thesis from Pusan National University.

This work was supported by a 2-Year Research Grant of Pusan National University.

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