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Choi and Yoo: The Effect of Depression and Smartphone Dependency on Female College Students' Career Decision-making Self Efficacy
Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2016; 27(1): 43-50.

Published online: 31 March 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.1.43

The Effect of Depression and Smartphone Dependency on Female College Students' Career Decision-making Self Efficacy

Hee Jung Choi1, Jang Hak Yoo2

1Department of Nursing, Mokpo Catholic University, Mokpo, Korea.

2Department of Nursing, Suwon Women's University, Suwon, Korea.

Corresponding author: Yoo, Jang Hak. Department of Nursing, Suwon Women's University, 72 Onjeong-ro, Gweonseon-gu, Suwon 441-748, Korea. Tel: +82-31-290-8105, Fax: +82-31-290-8142, janghryu@swc.ac.kr

Received 25 January 2016       Revised 16 March 2016       Accepted 22 March 2016

© 2016 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of depression and smartphone dependency with female college students' career decision-making self efficacy.

Methods

This was a descriptive study. The survey participants were 497 female college students in M City and S City. Data were collected from November 16 to December 4, 2015 using self-report questionnaires including BDI (Beck Depression Inventory), Smartphone Dependency Scale, and CDMSES-SF (Career Decision-Making Self Efficacy Scale-Short Form). Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression.

Results

Career decision-making self efficacy showed significant differences according to religion. Smartphone dependency was found to have a statistically significant negative correlation with career decision-making self efficacy and a positive correlation with depression. Depression was found to have a statistically significant negative correlation with career decision-making self efficacy. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the predictors of career decision-making self efficacy were depression (7.1%), religion (1.8%), and smartphone dependency (1.3%), accounting for a total of 10.6% of the variance.

Conclusion

This study suggests that interventions to promote female college students' career decision-making self efficacy should consider their depression, religion, and smartphone dependency.

Keywords: Depression, Smartphone, Self efficacy

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General Characteristics of the Subjects (N=497)

jkachn-27-43-i001
Variables Categories n (%) or M±SD
Age 21.58±0.05
Religion Have 241 (48.5)
None 256 (51.5)
Education level of parents ≤Highschool (both) 187 (37.6)
≥College (either of) 310 (62.4)
Number of family members ≤3 129 (26.0)
≥4 368 (74.0)
Income level Lower class 68 (13.7)
≥Middle class 429 (86.3)
Smartphone dependency General user 396 (79.7)
Potential risk user 68 (13.7)
High risk user 33 (6.6)
Depression 9.79±0.39
Career decision-making self-efficacy 84.31±0.52
Table 2

Difference of Career Decision-making Self-efficacy, Depression, Smartphone Dependency according to Subject Characteristics

jkachn-27-43-i002
Variables Categories Depression Smartphone dependency Career decision-making self-efficacy
M±SD F/t/r p M±SD F/t/r p M±SD F/t/r p
Age 0.00 .995 -0.13 .005 0.10 .029
Religion Have 10.45±0.63 -1.61 .108 34.17±0.44 -0.63 .527 85.72±0.72 -2.67 .008
None 9.18±0.47 33.78±0.42 82.98±0.73
Education level of parents ≤Highschool(both) 9.83±0.60 -0.07 .946 33.25±0.49 1.85 .064 84.11±0.85 0.30 .765
≥College(either of) 9.77±0.51 34.40±0.38 84.43±0.65
Number of family members ≤2 9.81±0.85 0.02 .986 33.29±0.63 -1.33 .184 84.43±1.05 0.15 .883
≥3 9.79±0.44 34.21±0.35 84.26±0.59
Income level Lower class 11.53±0.99 -1.77 .077 33.53±0.94 0.58 .565 84.57±1.29 -0.21 .837
≥Middle class 9.52±0.42 34.04±0.32 84.26±0.56
Table 3

The Correlations among Depression, Smartphone Dependency, Career Decision-making Self-efficacy in the Subjects

jkachn-27-43-i003
Variables Career decision-making self-efficacy Depression
Total Planning Goal selection Problem solving Self-appraisal Occupational information
r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p)
Smartphone dependency -.20
(<.001)		 -.16
(<.001)		 -.20
(<.001)		 -.15
(<.01)		 -.20
(<.001)		 -.13
(<.01)		 .24
(<.001)
Disturbance of adaptive functions -.17
(<.001)		 -.15
(<.01)		 -.17
(<.001)		 -.11
(<.05)		 -.19
(<.001)		 -.10
(<.05)		 .22
(<.001)
Virtual life orientation -.17
(<.001)		 -.11
(<.05)		 -.16
(<.001)		 -.15
(<.01)		 -.20
(<.001)		 -.11
(<.05)		 .20
(<.001)
Withdrawal -.16
(<.001)		 -.11
(<.05)		 -.18
(<.001)		 -.14
(<.01)		 -.16
(<.001)		 -.11
(<.05)		 .18
(<.001)
Tolerance -.14
(<.01)		 -.15
(<.01)		 -.13
(<.01)		 -.10
(<.05)		 -.13
(<.01)		 -.10
(<.05)		 .16
(<.001)
Depression -.27
(<.001)		 -.27
(<.001)		 -.22
(<.001)		 -.23
(<.001)		 -.23
(<.001)		 -.21
(<.001)
Table 4

Influencing Factors on Career Decision-making Self-efficacy

jkachn-27-43-i004
Variables Career decision-making self-efficacy
B SE β t p R2 Adj. R2
Depression -0.34 .06 -.26 -5.96 <.001 .07 .07
Religion 3.31 .98 .14 3.36 .001 .02 .02
Smartphone dependency -0.24 .07 -.14 -3.22 .001 .01 .01
F=19.68

Notes

This study was financially supported by the research fund of Mokpo Catholic University.

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